This chapter proposes a framework to analyze language-in-education policies and practices in multilingual contexts. The framework can be used to understand the strengths and weaknesses of current policies, or to identify specific issues that need to be addressed to successfully make changes. The five factors of the framework include: the sociolinguistic context and community support; (ii) orthographies; (iii) curriculum and materials; (iv) teacher recruitment, training, and deployment; and (v) assessment and examination. This framework can be applied at the local, regional, or national level. The last section of the chapter applies the framework to compare the language-in-education policies in Kenya and Uganda, and their implementation. Despite two very similar official policies, systems in place in Uganda favor the use of non-dominant languages in the early years of primary school, whereas English and Kiswahili are favored in Kenya.

Chapter 12 Language-in-Education Policies